The rules of the road. Identify what she is, and what she is doing, from what she is showing you.
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W white R red G green Y yellow — every lamp carries its letter, so the pattern reads with no colour at all. A lamp marked fl flashes: Annex I puts that at 120 or more flashes a minute, and the rate is part of the identification.
Working lights are allowed, but only so far as they cannot be mistaken for the prescribed lights and do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, nor interfere with keeping a proper look-out — Rule 20(b). A vessel at anchor may light her decks, and one of 100 m or more must — Rule 30(c). This is why a trawler working with her deck lights blazing is so hard to read.
What is she?
All twenty, as a list
Day shapes are black, seen against the sky. In night mode they go red with everything else — a bright panel costs you twenty minutes of dark adaptation, and that outranks fidelity.
What is she?
All ten, as a list
A terminal could only draw a blast. This can make one.
What is she saying?
# short, about a second #### prolonged, four to six * a stroke on the bell
All fifteen, as a list
What you would see
W white R red G green Y yellow — every lamp carries its letter.